Pokemon Go finally launches in Japan

Nintendo's Pokemon Go has finally launched in Japan, the birthplace of the little virtual monsters.

Amid a flurry of social media excitement, Niantic Labs, the software company behind the game, announced it was "finally broadcasting" in Japan.
First released in the US, Australia and New Zealand on 6 July and now available in more than 30 countries, the game has been a global phenomenon.
The Japanese launch comes with a McDonalds sponsorship deal.

Fast food restaurants were expected to be advertised as places where people were guaranteed to find Pokemon, or as "gyms" where players can train up their captured monsters for virtual fights.

But a McDonald's spokesman said restaurants would "call on players not to become a bother to customers who are eating".
Where might Pokemon be hiding in Japan?
How Pokemon Go took over the web
Trailblazer that could redefine mobile games
On Friday morning, excited Japanese fans began tweeting that they had been able to start playing.

The moment I found out the servers were up I jumped right out of bed, got dressed and ran outside with my iPhone and two extra battery packs," Samuel Lucas, an Australian YouTuber based in Japan told the BBC.
"So far I've been to the Japan post office which was my first poke stop, and now I'm on my way to a big park near my house."
Other Pokemon Go users didn't have to look far, with 21-year-old fan Tomoharu Kudo finding a Charmander in his bed

However, he soon ventured out in search of more Pokemon.
"I left my house to seek a new journey that will change my life," said Mr Kudo.

After weeks of stories about people in other countries running into trouble playing the game, Japanese authorities have taken precautions and issued a nine-point safety guide, in cartoon form.
The warnings, by the National Centre of Incident Readiness and Strategy for Cybersecurity, included asking users to register with "cool names that are different from real names" and cautioning them against heatstroke as they walk around in the sun.
"I want people to abide by the warning so that people can play it on smartphones safely," said Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga on Thursday. 

Pokemon Go is an augmented reality game on smartphones which already has millions of people worldwide obsessively capture small creatures in public spaces.
It works by showing you a picture of your real surroundings as caught by the phone's camera on your screen, then uses GPS to place virtual little monsters within that picture on your screen.
The mix of virtual and real worlds allows players to, for instance, fight a dragon circling Big Ben or chase a spaceship moving down their street.
The monsters in it were first popular in the 1990s when they started on the Nintendo Game Boy. Back then, trading cards were a huge hit in school playgrounds and the new game manages to build on that legacy. 

Lets Read This Story In Japanese Font: 

任天堂のポケモンGoが最終的に、日本ではほとんどの仮想モンスターの発祥の地を開始しました。


ソーシャルメディアの興奮の突風の中、ナイアンティック研究所、ゲームの背後にあるソフトウェア会社は、それが日本では「ついに放送」と発表しました。
まず、7月6日に米国、オーストラリア、ニュージーランドでリリースされ、30カ国以上で利用できるようになりました、ゲームは世界的な現象となっています。
日本の打ち上げは、マクドナルドのスポンサー契約が付属しています。



ファーストフードレストランは、人々がポケモンを見つけることが保証された場所として、またはプレイヤーが仮想の戦いのために自分の撮影したモンスターを訓練することができ、「ジム」として宣伝されることが期待されました。


しかし、マクドナルドのスポークスマンは、レストラン「食べているお客様に気になることはない選手を呼ぶ」と述べました。
どこポケモンは、日本の中に隠れでしょうか？
どのポケモンGoがウェブを引き継ぎました
モバイルゲームを再定義することができトレイルブレイザー
金曜日の朝に、興奮し日本のファンは、彼らが再生を開始することができたことをつぶやいて始めました。


サーバーがアップした私が見つけた瞬間は、私は、右のベッドから飛び出した服を着てしまったと私のiPhoneと2つの余分なバッテリーパックで外へ走って出て行った、「サミュエル・ルーカス、日本に拠点を置くオーストラリアyoutubeにはBBCに語りました。
「これまでのところ、私は私の最初のポーク停止した日本の郵便局に行った、そして今私は自分の家の近くの大きな公園に私の方法で。」
他のポケモンゴーユーザーは、21歳のファン智晴工藤は彼のベッドでヒトカゲを見つけると、遠くに見える必要はありませんでした


しかし、彼はすぐにそれ以上のポケモンの検索で出て思い切っ。
「私は私の人生を変更する新しい旅を模索する私の家を残し、 "ミスター工藤は言いました。


ゲームをプレイしてトラブルに実行されている他の国の人々の話の週間後、日本の当局は、予防措置をとっていると漫画の形で、9点の安全ガイドを発行しました。
警告は、インシデントの準備とサイバーセキュリティ戦略のナショナルセンターによって、彼らは太陽の下で歩き回るよう熱中症に対してそれらを警告し、「本当の名前は異なっているクールな名前」に登録するユーザーを求めて含まれています。
「私は、人々が安全にスマートフォン上で再生できるように、人々が警告に従うことにしたい、「官房長官菅義偉が明らかにしました。


ポケモンGoが既に世界中の何百万人もの人々が執拗公共空間の小さな生き物を捕獲したスマートフォン上の拡張現実ゲームです。
その後、画面にその画像内の仮想少しモンスターを配置するためにGPSを使用して、画面上に携帯電話のカメラでキャッチとして、あなたの本当の周囲の画像を示すことによって動作します。
仮想世界と現実世界のミックスは、プレイヤーが、例えば、ビッグベンを旋回ドラゴンと戦うか、自分の道を移動する宇宙船を追跡することができます。
彼らは任天堂ゲームボーイ上で起動したときに、その中にモンスターは1990年代に最初に人気がありました。当時、トレーディングカードは、学校の運動場で大ヒットした、新しいゲームがその遺産を構築するために管理しています。

The New Slavery: World News

The goal of the plutocrats now running U.S. society, including our governments, is now abundantly clear: they endeavor to institute a new age of slavery. This was made evident in an editorial in today’s N.Y. Times with the compelling title of “A Rising Call to Promote STEM Education and Cut Liberal Arts Funding” By Patricia Cohen (Feb. 21, 2016).
Wait, that doesn’t sound so radical, does it? It does if you know a few facts. For one there is no reason to favor STEM education over any other. There is no shortage of qualified applicants for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) jobs.

The unemployment statistics show this in the numbers of recent graduates who cannot get jobs in their fields as does the basic fact of economics that if there is a shortage of workers of a particular type, their wages increase (to attract the few that are available). Wages in this field are changing no faster than the others. The “shortage” of STEM job candidates and STEM college graduates was cooked up by plutocrats to support their demands for more visas to allow STEM foreign workers into the U.S. Recently Disney was caught laying off 20 of its I.T. employees to be replaced by foreigners on work visas, for example. There was no “shortage” other than the one created by the firing of the current workers who, by the way, were earning performance bonuses so it is hard to argue they were substandard.

The plutocrats really like these workers on visas, as they work for less, which drives down wages for all of the other workers in their category and they don’t complain, because if they lose their job they lose their visa and “bye-bye U.S.”

“Welcome to the new slavery. The chains are invisible but real. Sit down and shut the fuck up.”

What is telling are the arguments being used, basically “STEM good, humanities bad.” They argue that public money shouldn’t be spent on students who would be working at the lower paying jobs that a humanities education affords. (I hear echoes of “effing hippies” from the 60’s.) This argument is, of course, bogus. Currently humanities college graduates in the U.S. have starting salaries that are roughly equal to the median salary of all Americans. This means those humanities grads, all things being roughly the same as they have been in the past, will be earning above average wages for the rest of their lives, which means they will pay above average taxes and the taxes in excess of the average amount repay the public for the education expenditure several times over. So, guarding the public coffers is a bogus argument.

Also, the plutocrats are basically saying that we should use data regarding what people are making now to focus our attention regarding what is important in an education. This makes no sense in an economy in which people’s jobs are changing so fast that the average worker can expect to have seven different jobs in their working life, many of which have not yet been invented. (If you used the job description “social media consultant” ten years ago, what would people have thought?)
It is clear the kind of future the plutocrats plan.

 They expect citizens to “sit down and shut the fuck up” while they run the country however they wish. If citizens are to have choices of political candidates it is only ever between candidates that offer no threat to the status quo. If a candidate does offer a threat, say recommending free education and higher taxes on the rich (Go, Bernie!), he is to be quashed as strongly as possible by a candidate propped up by the plutocrats.

To enforce this vision of the future, the plutocrats are using chains of debt. For example, many political upheavals in this country have been supported by college students. A few changes in the tax code and voilà now total college student debt exceeds total credit card debt (think about that). A student looking at a mountain of debt that needs to be paid off cannot afford to blemish his ability to get a good paying job with an arrest record, etc. so, college students have been defanged.

Additionally, teachers and teachers unions have opposed plutocrats (even to the point of voting for Democrats), so now they are demonized and beleaguered on all sides and are no longer a political force.

Welcome to the new slavery. The chains are invisible but real. Sit down and shut the fuck up.

Pray For Paris: How you can support the people of Paris

The world has come together to #prayforparis, including celebrities. Additionally, famous landmarks across the world have been lit in the colors of the French national flag to pay respect to the victims of the Paris tragedy.

The Brandenburg Gate stands illuminated in the colors of the French flag as people arrive to lay candles and flowers at the gate of the nearby French Embassy following the terror attacks in Paris.

A couple stands in the rain as the blue, white and red colors of France's national flag are projected onto the sails of Sydney's Opera House in Australia.

San Francisco City Hall is lit up with blue, white and red, the colors of the French flag, following the Paris terror attacks.

The One World Trade Center in New York, USA, was lit in blue, white and red colors of the French flag in honor of the victims of the attacks in Paris, in the Manhattan borough.



Now the world is waking up to the terror attacks because it has happened in one of the European's National capital called Paris. There are more than 150 dead and 300 and above have been wounded. We Indians are facing the terror attacks for the last 40 decades and we lost more than a lakh of innocent people and that time non of these so called countries have stood by us nor they bothered to express their consensuses expecting a few. We repeatedly show the international committees the proof of these elements but still these people have never bothered to accept our proofs, but they indirectly funded these very elements who are producing the terrorists day in and day out.

Middle East is sitting on time bomb. Not defending extremist and fundamentalist M people in Middle East. Russians were about to expose USA link with ISIS which got USA panicked. USA countered argument that Russians intervention helped ISIS and Russian targeted only against al bashar group and rebels and strengthened ISIS. With this incident USA will say Russia intervention strengthened ISIS and push them back. There is no support to M extremist group in middle east. But Middle east is different ball game together. Very high level dirty politics is played there.

Where are the people tolerant people now. Not a word since morning. Where are the human rights and other international bodies who talked on intolerance now. may be they were busy supporting them.
The world will now understand the pain through which India went at the time of Mumbai attacks and will atleast stop preaching India on intolerance.

Feel sorry for the poor people in Paris attack they suffered for others crime.

RIP.

Establish a Sexual Assault, Stalking, and Relationship Violence Crisis Center on Campus

According to The Sexual Victimization of College Women report by the US Department of Justice, approximately 5 percent of college women experience a completed or attempted rape in a calendar year, while 20 percent experience a completed or attempted rape during a five year college career. According to Purdue’s website, only 3 rapes were reported to the Purdue police within the last calendar cycle. While some may view this as clear evidence for why these services are not needed on campus, in fact, this is clear evidence that these services are needed. If it is known that approximately five percent of college women experience a completed or attempted rape in a calendar year, and there are approximately 16,700 female students enrolled at Purdue University, then it can be expected that approximately 830 women on Purdue’s campus are affected by a rape or attempted rape each calendar year. Of course, this number neglects to include men, transgender and non-binary individuals, and any individuals affected by stalking or relationship violence.  

While Purdue University leads the way among Big Ten universities in developing new technologies and producing modern engineering feats, the University falls woefully behind other universities in addressing a basic need of their constituents. Other Big Ten universities, like the University of Minnesota, the University of Iowa, and the University of Wisconsin, offer myriad services to sexual assault survivors including, but not limited to, a dedicated space for receiving safe and confidential support, helplines, legal advocates, support groups, community awareness raising events, and assistance with filing complaints to the proper university authorities. In contrast, victim services at Purdue are decentralized—students are directed to contact the Title IX coordinator (located in Young Hall), the Student Assistance Center (located across campus in Schleman Hall), or the Crisis Center at Mental Health America, which is not even located on-campus. The University directs victims to use the crisis hotline (765-495-HELP) for immediate support. This hotline, however, is not a Purdue hotline but is, instead, connected to the Crisis Center, about 3 miles away from most on-campus residences. While we recognize and value the work of the Crisis Center, we contend that a centralized, on-campus location for survivors’ services and support arising from a partnership with the Crisis Center and existing services would better serve the Purdue community.
In short, we are calling on Purdue University to establish an institutional center at Purdue University that is equipped with well-trained staff and appropriate resources to assist Purdue community members with issues of sexual assault, stalking, relationship violence, and related issues.

Why Mayweather Has No Product Endorsement: A Sports Marketing Analysis

Every year, over a combined billion people watch marquee sporting events, like the Super bowl, the NBA Play-Offs and WWE Wrestlemania. The Super bowl alone attracts more than 160 million people (bigger than half of the US population), and in certain parts of the spectacle, the full viewership will have their eyes fixed on the game. So, it should come as no surprise that some advertisers are willing to spend US$ 3.5 million on a 30-second ad just to reach their audience and grab their attention.

Highest Paid Athlete vs Brand Ambassador
Although Boxing does not enjoy the level of popularity of other sporting and entertainment events such as football, soccer, basketball and professional wrestling, the mega-fight between two of the greatest boxers of today (and maybe even in history), Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao, is touted to draw billions of Dollars, billed by some analysts as the “biggest payday in sports history”. The massive amount of profit waiting for the promoters, and the boxers and their entourage is expected to come from ticket sales, pay-per-view subscriptions, and product endorsements.
Manny Pacquiao’s career earnings after the fight will reach an estimated US$ 425 million, paving his way into an elite group of highest-earning active athletes, which includes Tiger Woods, LeBron James and Kobe Bryant. Pacquiao receives paychecks not only from his promoters, but also from his endorsements, such as HP, Sony, Henessy, Monster Energy and San Miguel Beer. But, while Manny Pacquiao is raking in millions through endorsements alone (his fighting shorts is estimated to be worth more than US$ 2.3 million), Floyd Mayweather is conspicuously devoid of any.

Bad Reputation Means Bad Marketing
Experts say that Mayweather is undoubtedly popular and that people are excited to watch him, but his reputation and history discourages sponsors from being associated with him. Mayweather has pleaded guiltily to domestic violence charges in at least three separate occasions, and he has served two months in jail for attacking the mothers of his 9- and 10-year old sons in front of them. He was also found guilty of the same charge in 2001, 2002 and 2003.
Mayweather also has some nasty mic habits, hurling racist and homophobic comments about other boxers, including Pacquiao. And unlike other athletes who work hard to re-gain the lost trust and affection of their fans when they get into trouble, Mayweather has never acknowledged or apologized for his transgressions.
Despite this, Mayweather is the world’s highest paid athlete, and he has reached that distinction solely through his in-ring earnings. For the May 2 mammoth match, Mayweather is to earn an estimated US$ 120 million.

Largest Economic Impact in Boxing History
Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao weighed in on 1^st May 2015 with a strong 12,000 fans watched at the arena. This was the most lucrative weigh-in in the history of boxing.
The entry to the weigh-in at the MGM Grand Garden Arena cost $10, but the ticket resale online and on the street skyrocketed at $800. This is just the weigh-in ticket.
The ticket sales for the fight night on 2^nd May 2015 at the ring side is a whooping $141,575 USD per person. The projected ticket revenue is $74M, exceeds 6 games of 2013 World Series ($62.6) and Super Bowl XLIX Live Gate ($60M). The expected pay-per-view revenue is larger than the GDP of 29 countries. If the fight goes the distance to 12^th Round, Mayweather and Pacquiao will split approximately $130,000 per second, on pay-per-view revenue alone. Expected revenue for the bout will surpass $400M, the largest in boxing history.

Tale of the Tape
Mayweather vs Pacquiao
Age:                38  vs  36
Wins:               47  vs  57
Losses:            0  vs  5
KO:                   26  vs  38
Draws:             0  vs  2
Weight:           146 pounds  vs  145 pounds
Height:            5’8″  vs  5’6 1/2″
Reach:             72″  vs  67″
Style:               Defensive  vs  Offensive

Sports Celebrity Endorsement: Marketing 101
Sports celebrities are ideal for businesses to linked with to project relevant aspects of their brand and products. Sports heroes can personify success, tenacity, resilience, teamwork, innovation, and determination despite vulnerability. Their performance in their respective fields, be it on court, on clay, on grass, or inside the ring or squared-circle impacts the viewers in more ways than any other media. Spectators feel awe when they experience jaw-dropping surge in speed, display of power, mind-breaking coordination or calm under tremendous pressure. Such a sensation could only be transmitted by sports stars, whose display of skills and mastery rise above and beyond the confusing web of messages conveyed by myriad companies through different channels.

Linking one’s brand to a personality should, however, come with utmost calculation and caution. Even as sports celebrities guard their reputation in public, they remain to be humans and can at times be susceptible to the temptations of wealth, popularity and ill-advice.

Want to know about Sports Marketing, Brand Management and Product Endorsement?
Email us at frmdhk@gmail.com

Photo credit: Mark J. Rebilas, USA TODAY Sports

France vs Germany: World Cup 2014 match preview

Read a full match preview including team news of the World Cup quarter-final between France and Germany at Estadio Maracana, Rio de Janeiro, on Friday, July 4, 2014, kick-off 17.00 (BST) 

Kick-off: 17.00 BST.
TV: BBC ONE.

France (Possible, 4-2-1-3): Lloris; Debuchy, Varane, Sakho, Evra; Matuidi, Cabaye; Pogba; Valbuena, Benzema, Griezman.

Germany (Possible, 4-3-3): Neuer; Hummels, Boateng, Mertesacker, Howedes; Schweinsteiger, Lahm, Kroos; Özil, Müller, Götze.

Referee: Nestor Pitana (Argentina).

Betting: France 11-5, Germany 7-5, Draw 2-1.

Team News
France jave a doubt over defender Raphael Varane, who spent the night in hospital with dehydration following Monday's 2-0 win over Nigeria.
Liverpool defender Mamadou Sakho is fit again after knee problems.
Coach Didier Deschamps should decide between Giroud or Antoine Griezmann in attack.
Germany are without Shkodran Mustafi, who tore his hamstring against Algeria in the last-16 tie.
Christoph Kramer has had what was described by the German camp as a light fever but should be available.
And Mats Hummels, who missed the 2-1 win over Algeria with flu, has recovered and could feature as a replacement for Mustafi.
There were suggestions that Philipp Lahm could be swiitched to full-back to cover for Mustafi, as he did after the defender went off against Algeria, but that appears unlucky.
Lukas Podolski should be available after a thigh problem.
Match Notes
These European rivals know each other well and the rivalry goes back to 1931, but they last met in the World Cup in 1986 when West Germany won 2-0 in the semi-final.
Previously was the infamous game that ended in a penalty shoot-out after a 3-3 draw and the incident in which France's Patrick Battiston was shoulder-charged by German keeper Harald Schumacher.
France say they are fired up for the tie and the prospect of playing Brazil or Colombia in the semi-final.
Certainly there is a unity within the French squad rarely witnessed in recent tournaments, and that could carry them through.
Stat of the game: In 25 previous clashes, France have won 11 to Germany's eight successes, with six drawn. In terms of goals scored, Germany have the edge, with 42 to France's 41.

Celebrity Sexting Scandals

So, it's 2014 now, you'd think most boldface names would have gotten the memo: Don't email, text message, or otherwise communicate any pictures or message you wouldn't want getting out, blared on the front page of every tabloid for all the world to see. And yet... the Huffington Post rounds up 44 celebrities who've had technology-related scandals in recent years:

• A 19-year-old claimed Tony Parker texted her racy pictures, and his marriage to Eva Longoria ended up disintegrating as a result.
• David Duchovny left wife Tea Leoni after finding explicit texts from Billy Bob Thornton on his wife's phone.
• Text messages proved to be the downfall of Jesse James' marriage to Sandra Bullock, when Michelle "Bombshell" McGee released racy messages James sent her.
• Same goes for Tiger Woods, who saw his marriage to Elin Nordegren go down in flames after racy texts to one of his many lovers emerged.
• One of Woods' paramours, also exchanged dirty texts with David Boreanaz, and they ended up leaking and hurting his relationship with Jaime Bergman.
• Why in the world did Reese Witherspoon and Ryan Phillippe ever break up? Well, it had to do with phone records between Ryan and Abbie Cornish.

• Kanye West had the ill-advised idea to take pictures of his private parts and send them to women, who then sold them to media outlets.
• When nude photos of a woman resembling Blake Lively (even the same tattoo) leaked, however, Lively just claimed they were fake.
• Scarlett Johansson said it was "sick" when someone hacked her email to grab nude pictures she sent to Ryan Reynolds, which were then leaked to the world at large.
• Even the Jonas Brothers aren't immune. Joe Jonas is rumored to have made a sex tape with his model girlfriend, but he claims it's not true.
• When Paris Hilton's phone got hacked, dozens of nude pics were leaked, including some featuring Paris getting intimate with a female pal.

Apple Stores offering free 'Hour of Code' development classes this Wednesday

Apple this week will participate in a worldwide campaign from Code.org, offering children and teenagers a one-hour introduction to computer science class at its retail locations throughout the U.S.

Apple's "Hour of Code Youth Workshops" are designed to "demystify code," the company said, showing that anyone can learn the basics of computer programming. Interested parties can find their nearest Apple Store on the company's website, where they can also sign up in advance.

The Hour of Code is an effort to have 10 million people participate during Computer Science Education Week, which runs from Dec. 9 through 15.

Those who want to teach their own Hour of Code can find tips and instructions on the official Code.org site. There, a number of tutorials are provided in as many as 20 languages to allow students to participate.

According to Code.org, nearly 2 million people have learned an Hour of Code so far, with nearly 55 million lines of code having been written by students.

Support for the Hour of Code goes well beyond Apple, with President Barack Obama and Republican House Majority Leader Eric Cantor endorsing the event. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has also pitched in to promote the event, as well as entertainers ranging from Ashton Kutcher to Shakira.

Code.org said on Monday that this year's Computer Science Education Week will include 5 million students in 35,000 schools from 167 countries participating in their first Hour of Code. 

Hour of Code campaign urges students to learn to code (podcast)

It's pretty unusual to see an issue supported by President Obama and House Republican Majority Leader Eric Cantor -- as well as Apple and Microsoft -- but they're all backing Hour of Code, which aims to get 5 million students in 33,000 classrooms around the world to learn at least one hour of computer science this week.
Sponsored by Code.org, the effort features entertainers Shakira, Ashton Kutcher, and Angela Bassett and athletes Chris Bosh, Warren Sapp, and Dwight Howard in videos supporting this cause. Tech luminaries including Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Google's Susan Wojcicki, and the late Steve Jobs also weigh in with messages on the importance of learning to code. Click here to view them.
During the course of the week there will be Hour of Code Learning events at every major Apple store in the U.S. along with all 51 Microsoft retail stores. This is also Computer Science Education Week. In a recorded interview (scroll down to listen), Code.org co-founder Ali Partovi said that "only 5 percent of U.S. schools teach computer science today, and that number is down from where it was 10 years ago." He said that computer science education peaked around 2003/2004 for a variety of reasons including budget along with state education standards. "In the vast majority of U.S. states computer science does not count toward graduation. It counts as an elective." As money gets tight, schools are cutting computer science along with art and music.
Pointing to the number of coding jobs not just in tech firms but hospitals, government, and all types of businesses, Partovi said that computer science "is the most empowering thing a kid could be learning, especially a kid from a disadvantage background." I didn't fact-check this, but he said that "a college graduate's first job in computer science makes more money than a doctor who's 10 years older." One thing I can't argue with is his statement that for disadvantaged youth, "the dream of becoming a computer programmer" is much more realistic than the odds of becoming an NBA player or a hip-hop star.
Click below to listen to the interview with Ali Partovi and click here for a post and video about Hour of Code.

New generation of Arab singers

Nancy Ajram

Arab music has a long tradition of Oud — a local variety of lute — and soulful longing. It is the foundation of classical Arab music. Umm Kulthum of Egypt was phenomenally popular throughout the Arab world. Many regard Al-Atlal (The Ruins) as her best song. She died in 1975.
Nouhad Wadi Haddad a Lebanese female singer popularly known as Fairuz or Turquoise closely followed her in eminence. While classical songs were Umm Kulthum’s forte Fairuz excelled in modern Arabic songs also projecting the Lebanese heritage. Her all time popular song A’tini al-Nay is cherished by every Arab.
They are followed by new bunch of talented and popular young singers, both male and female. They are Amr Diab, Nancy Ajram, Tamer Hosny, Mohammed Hamaki, Elissar Zakaria Khouri, Sherine Ahmed Abdul Wahab, Kadim Al Sahir, Cairokee a band group and Wael Kfoury.
Among the lot, Amr Abdel Basset Abdel Azeez Diab (Amr Diab) of Egypt is a versatile performer; Diab is both a singer and composer. He has received many awards as the best-selling Arab recording artist. Music connoisseurs commend Diab for blending a Mediterranean Music style combining Arab sound and diction with Western cadence and instruments.
Amr Diab’s 1996 album “Nour El Ain” (Light of the Eye-Sight) became a sensation in the music world. “Habibi” from the album drew music lovers like infatuation worldwide in countries like Pakistan, India (performed by Nachiketa in Bengali with lyrics of his own), Afghanistan, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. The album sold 3 million copies! In 1998, he received the World Music Award from the Prince of Monaco. Diab became a living legend. His album “Amarain” (Two Moons) of 1999 is rated as his best. Amarain featured Diab in a duet “Qalbi” with Algeria’s “Didi” famed Khaled based in France.
Nancy Nabil Ajram (Nancy Ajram) of Lebanon is an immensely popular pop star in Arab music. Nancy came into the limelight in 2003 with the big success of her lead single “Akhasmak Ah”. With her fourth album “Ah w Noss” (Yes, and a half)) she became the pop icon of Arab world. Coca Cola made Nancy their official celebrity spokesperson. The commercial was a hit — “Oul Tany Kida?” (Say that again?). The success continued and her fifth album “Ya Tabtab Wa Dalla” is believed to be her best. Ajram’s crowning moment came when her best-selling album “Betfakkar Fi Eih” won the first World Music Award .as the best-selling Middle Eastern Artist.
Tamer Hosny Abbas Farghaly (Tamer Hosny) of Egypt is idolized as the Star of Generation. He is a highly endowed talent – singer, actor, composer, director and songwriter. In 2004 his second album “Hob” (Love) a romantic one featured a catchy solo “Arrab Habibi”. Its success earned him the nickname “King of Generation”. The solo song kept on running in music channels. The 8th album “Elly Gai Ahla” (2011) found great popularity and he found his bride in his fellow Moroccan singer Bassma Boussil.
Mohammed Ibrahim Mohammed El-Hamaki (Mohammed Hamaki) of Egypt is known as the Master of Pop Music. He is in his thirties. His virtuosity extends to musical instruments; he can play both guitar and piano. He shot into fame with his album “Kheles El Kalam” (All The Words Have Finished!). The song “Wahda Wahda” (One by One) became very popular.
Elissar Zakaria Khouri (Elissa) is a Lebanese pop singer. Elissa became a phenomenon with her W’akherta Ma’ak. It included a popular duet “Betghib Betrouh”. The video clip of her equally successful album “Ayshalak” was done in France by French Director Fabrice Begotti.
The popularity of this new generation of singers shows that Arab world has great love for music and has a wealth of talents to keep it alive. The legacy of Umm Kulthum and Fairuz continues.

Doublespeak Denials Of PRISM Hid The Truth About Participation

“Direct Access” didn’t mean no access. “Back door” didn’t mean no door. “Only in accordance with the law” didn’t mean PRISM is illegal. And you didn’t need to have heard of a codename to have participated. Larry, Zuck, you didn’t spell out your denials of the NSA’s data spying program in plain english, and now we know why. You were obligated to help the government in its spying, but were muzzled.
[Update: This article and its headline have been edited,]

The New York Times says you knowingly participated in the NSA’s data monitoring program. In some cases, you were asked to create ”a locked mailbox and give the government the key”, to allow it to peer into private communications and web activity. Even if the exact words of your denials were accurate, they seemed to obscure the scope of your involvement with PRISM. Outlining as clearly as possible exactly what kind of data the government could attain would have gone a long way.
But you were probably cornered by Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act restrictions about what you could say about PRISM. And in fact, you might have beeen subtly trying to fight back by asking the government for more transparency. When you decode Mark’s statement “We strongly encourage all governments to be much more transparent about all programs aimed at keeping the public safe”, I hear “Our hands are cuffed. Only the government can reveal that we participated. We wish they would.”
Sadly, you really were working with the NSA to give it access to our private data, so your supposedly candid statements full of technicalities just broke our hearts, as the truth has come to light.
The terms you used disguised what was going on. Direct access means unrestricted access with no intermediary, but the government didn’t need to be standing in the server rooms to get what it wanted. A back door means access to data without its host’s knowledge or consent, but you were well aware of the NSA’s snooping. The NSA’s actions are likely protected by law, so saying you’re only honoring prying that’s legal didn’t mean no prying. And why would the government tell you the juicy codename or details of its data spying program? All it had to say is it needed your data.
Now these excuses ring hollow. The average citizen doesn’t know the difference. They heard “we didn’t help the NSA”, and you did, so their trust in you has disintegrated.
That’s a threat to your business, and our way of life. I like that all my friends use Google Docs. I like that I can invite any of my friends to a Facebook Event. Seeing them ditch the building blocks of the web you’ve developed because they don’t believe anything you say anymore will be a great inconvenience. And that inconvenience pales in importance to the actual liberty PRISM strips away from us.
Then again, your silence would have been taken as an admission of guilt. What an awful position our government put you in.
[Update 12:45am PST 6/8/13: This article and its headline have been edited as I think the title "Doublespeak Denials Of Prism Participation Were Careful Lies" went a bit far. The execs weren't lying, but by denying specifics rather than discussing their participation in PRISM on a high level, I think they obscured their involvement. However, their companies are legally required to provide private information requested by the government, and were legally restricted in how they could explain the process, so I feel the blame rests more on the NSA than the tech giants. For more information, read my follow-up "Tech Giants Built Segrated Systems For NSA Instead Of Firehoses To Protect Innocent Users From PRISM"]

5 dead, including gunman, in shooting rampage near Santa Monica College

A man with a semi-automatic rifle killed at least four people and wounded several others Friday as he carried out a deadly rampage across several blocks of a normally idyllic beachfront city before police shot him dead in the Santa Monica College Library.
Police said earlier that seven people were killed, including the gunman.
The violence began when the gunman, dressed in all black and wearing what appeared to be a ballistic jacket, opened fire on a house where the bodies of the gunman's father and brother were found, authorities said.
As the house burst into flames, the man wounded a woman in a car before moving toward the campus, spraying bullets as he went. Police said he opened fire on a city bus, a police car and other vehicles, as well as bystanders and pedestrians.
He killed three people on the street before shooting at an SUV leaving a campus parking lot. That vehicle's driver was killed and two passengers were wounded as the car crashed through a block wall.
From there, the gunman entered the campus, shooting a woman as he made his way toward the college's library, where students were studying for final exams.
"It appears that those who were encountered on the street were random victims," Santa Monica Police Chief Jacqueline Seabrooks said.
"We saw a woman get shot in the head," said administrative assistant Trena Johnson, who looked out the window of the dean's office, where she works, when she heard gunfire. "I haven't been able to stop shaking," she said.
Inside the library, students reported hearing gunfire and screams.
"I was totally scared to death and I can't believe it happened so fast," said Vincent Zhang, a 20-year-old economics major who said he heard a woman pleading, "No, no. Please, no."
The gunman continued to shoot at people in the library, Seabrooks said, but apparently didn't hit anybody there as dozens ran for the exits.
"The officers came in and directly engaged the suspect and he was shot and killed on the scene," she said.
Just 3 miles away, President Barack Obama was attending a fundraising luncheon. Secret Service spokesman Max Milien said the agency was aware of the shooting, which began just before noon, but it had no impact on the president's event.
The president was scheduled to take Marine One to the airport, but traveled by motorcade to avoid any impact on the ongoing local response to the shooting.
After the gunman was killed, police wearing helmets and armed with shotguns and rifles searched the campus for a second shooter. A man dressed entirely in black, the words "Life is a Gamble" on the back of his sweatshirt, was seen being led away in handcuffs.
Sgt. Richard Lewis, a Santa Monica police spokesman, said at a news conference Friday night that investigators had released a man who had been detained and questioned as a "person of interest."
The identities of the man detained and those who were killed were not immediately released.
Two officials briefed on the investigation told The Associated Press the two victims in the burned house were the gunman's father and brother.
The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to publicly discuss the case.
Two women were admitted to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, said Dr. Marshall Morgan, the chief of emergency medicine. One was listed in critical condition after undergoing surgery. The other arrived in serious condition but was upgraded to fair condition Friday night.
Three other women went to UCLA Medical Center Santa Monica with relatively minor injuries, Morgan said. One had shrapnel-type injuries and the two others had injuries not related to gunfire, he said. All were treated and released.
Jerry Cunningham Rathner, who lives near the house that caught fire, said she heard gunshots and came out onto her porch to see a man shooting at the residence. Soon, the building erupted in flames and was billowing smoke.
The gunman, dressed in black and wearing an ammunition belt, pointed a rifle at a woman in a car and told her to pull over, Cunningham Rathner said. He then signaled to a second car, also driven by a woman, to slow down and began firing into the vehicle.
"He fired three to four shots into the car -- boom, boom, boom, right at her," said Cunningham Rathner, who went to the woman's aid and saw she was wounded in the shoulder.
She said the gunman then abducted the woman in the first car and drove away.
From there, the chaos shifted to Santa Monica College, located among homes and strip malls more than a mile inland from the city's famous Santa Monica Pier, Third Street Promenade and its expansive, sandy beaches.
The two-year college, spread out across 38 acres, has about 34,000 students.
Jimes Gillespie, 20, told The Associated Press he was in the library studying when he heard gunfire, and he and dozens of other students began fleeing the three-story building.
"As I was running down the stairs I saw one of the gunmen," said Gillespie, who described the shooter as a white man in his 20s, wearing cornrows in his hair and black overalls.
As he ran across campus, he said he saw a car in front of the English building that was riddled with bullet holes, had shattered windows and a baby's car seat in the back.
Student Noke Taumalolo told Fox News that he saw a female worker sorting recycling cans lying bloody on the ground with the gunman standing over her.  According to the student, the gunman was wearing black tactical gear including a vest, SWAT-like fatigues and a riot helmet.
In a staff parking lot, college employee Joe Orcutt said he saw the gunman standing calmly with his weapon, looking as though he was trying to determine which people to shoot at.
"I turn around and that's when he's just standing there, like he's modeling for some ammo magazine," Orcutt said. "He was very calm just standing there, panning around, seeing who he could shoot, one bullet at a time, like target practice.

Bridge collapses in Washington state

 

Part of a four-lane freeway bridge over the Skagit River in Washington state collapsed on Thursday, sending vehicles and people into the water below, authorities said.

 The collapse on Interstate 5 took out the northbound and southbound sides of the span and occurred at about 7pm local time in Mount Vernon, 55 miles north of Seattle, Washington State Patrol spokesman Trooper Mark Francis said.

"I've got reports of vehicles and people in the water," Francis said. He added that he did not know if anyone was injured.

The cause of the collapse was not immediately known. It was not raining in the area, Francis said.

Man killed in FBI custody

An FBI agent shot and killed a Florida man who turned violent while being questioned about the Boston Marathon bombings early on Wednesday, the bureau said.

A friend of the dead man told the Orlando Sentinel and Orlando television stations that he was 27-year-old Ibragim Todashev of Orlando, a Chechen who had previously lived in Boston. Two brothers identified by the FBI as suspects in the April 15 bombings were also ethnic Chechens with roots in Russia's volatile North Caucasus region.

The FBI said in a statement that a special agent, "acting on the imminent threat posed by the individual, responded with deadly force. The individual was killed and the special agent was transported to the hospital with non-life threatening injuries."

It said the shooting occurred in Orlando, Florida, while the special agent and other law enforcement agents were interviewing the man about the blasts that killed three people and injured 264 others at the finish line of the Boston Marathon.

"A violent confrontation was initiated by the individual," the FBI said, without providing further details.

Todashev's friend, Khusn Taramiv, said Todashev knew bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev because both were mixed martial-arts fighters but had no connection to the bombing.

"Back when he used to live in Boston, right, they used to hang out," Taramiv told Central Florida News 13. "He met them few times 'cause he was MMA fighter the other guy was boxer, right. They just knew each other that's it."

The shooting occurred at an Orlando apartment complex where several people of Chechen descent lived. Taramiv said Todashev and others in the complex had been questioned several times by law enforcement agents since the day the Tsarnaev brothers were identified as the bombing suspects.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, died in a gunfight with police. His brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 19, was found hiding in a boat in Watertown, Massachusetts, four days after the bombings. He was charged with crimes that could carry the death penalty if he is convicted.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev had been on a US government database of potential terrorism suspects and the United States had twice been warned by Russia that he might be an Islamic militant, according to US security officials.

In Florida, the Orange County Sheriff's Office said Todashev had been arrested on May 4 and charged with aggravated battery with great bodily harm. Details about the circumstances of the arrest were not immediately available.

Search engine optimization (SEO)

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine's "natural" or un-paid ("organic") search results. In general, the earlier (or higher ranked on the search results page), and more frequently a site appears in the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine's users. SEO may target different kinds of search, including image search, local search, video search, academic search, news search and industry-specific vertical search engines.

As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines work, what people search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed into search engines and which search engines are preferred by their targeted audience. Optimizing a website may involve editing its content, HTML and associated coding to both increase its relevance to specific keywords and to remove barriers to the indexing activities of search engines. Promoting a site to increase the number of backlinks, or inbound links, is another SEO tactic.

The plural of the abbreviation SEO can also refer to "search engine optimizers," those who provide SEO services.

Webmasters and content providers began optimizing sites for search engines in the mid-1990s, as the first search engines were cataloging the early Web. Initially, all webmasters needed to do was to submit the address of a page, or URL, to the various engines which would send a "spider" to "crawl" that page, extract links to other pages from it, and return information found on the page to be indexed The process involves a search engine spider downloading a page and storing it on the search engine's own server, where a second program, known as an indexer, extracts various information about the page, such as the words it contains and where these are located, as well as any weight for specific words, and all links the page contains, which are then placed into a scheduler for crawling at a later date.

Site owners started to recognize the value of having their sites highly ranked and visible in search engine results, creating an opportunity for both white hat and black hat SEO practitioners. According to industry analyst Danny Sullivan, the phrase "search engine optimization" probably came into use in 1997. The first documented use of the term Search Engine Optimization was John Audette and his company Multimedia Marketing Group as documented by a web page from the MMG site from August, 1997.

Early versions of search algorithms relied on webmaster-provided information such as the keyword meta tag, or index files in engines like ALIWEB. Meta tags provide a guide to each page's content. Using meta data to index pages was found to be less than reliable, however, because the webmaster's choice of keywords in the meta tag could potentially be an inaccurate representation of the site's actual content. Inaccurate, incomplete, and inconsistent data in meta tags could and did cause pages to rank for irrelevant searches. Web content providers also manipulated a number of attributes within the HTML source of a page in an attempt to rank well in search engines.

By relying so much on factors such as keyword density which were exclusively within a webmaster's control, early search engines suffered from abuse and ranking manipulation. To provide better results to their users, search engines had to adapt to ensure their results pages showed the most relevant search results, rather than unrelated pages stuffed with numerous keywords by unscrupulous webmasters. Since the success and popularity of a search engine is determined by its ability to produce the most relevant results to any given search, allowing those results to be false would turn users to find other search sources. Search engines responded by developing more complex ranking algorithms, taking into account additional factors that were more difficult for webmasters to manipulate. Graduate students at Stanford University, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, developed "Backrub," a search engine that relied on a mathematical algorithm to rate the prominence of web pages. The number calculated by the algorithm, PageRank, is a function of the quantity and strength of inbound links. PageRank estimates the likelihood that a given page will be reached by a web user who randomly surfs the web, and follows links from one page to another. In effect, this means that some links are stronger than others, as a higher PageRank page is more likely to be reached by the random surfer.

Page and Brin founded Google in 1998. Google attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design. Off-page factors (such as PageRank and hyperlink analysis) were considered as well as on-page factors (such as keyword frequency, meta tags, headings, links and site structure) to enable Google to avoid the kind of manipulation seen in search engines that only considered on-page factors for their rankings. Although PageRank was more difficult to game, webmasters had already developed link building tools and schemes to influence the Inktomi search engine, and these methods proved similarly applicable to gaming PageRank. Many sites focused on exchanging, buying, and selling links, often on a massive scale. Some of these schemes, or link farms, involved the creation of thousands of sites for the sole purpose of link spamming.

By 2004, search engines had incorporated a wide range of undisclosed factors in their ranking algorithms to reduce the impact of link manipulation. In June 2007, The New York Times' Saul Hansell stated Google ranks sites using more than 200 different signals. The leading search engines, Google, Bing, and Yahoo, do not disclose the algorithms they use to rank pages. Some SEO practitioners have studied different approaches to search engine optimization, and have shared their personal opinions Patents related to search engines can provide information to better understand search engines.

In 2005, Google began personalizing search results for each user. Depending on their history of previous searches, Google crafted results for logged in users. In 2008, Bruce Clay said that "ranking is dead" because of personalized search. He opined that it would become meaningless to discuss how a website ranked, because its rank would potentially be different for each user and each search.

In 2007, Google announced a campaign against paid links that transfer PageRank. On June 15, 2009, Google disclosed that they had taken measures to mitigate the effects of PageRank sculpting by use of the nofollow attribute on links. Matt Cutts, a well-known software engineer at Google, announced that Google Bot would no longer treat nofollowed links in the same way, in order to prevent SEO service providers from using nofollow for PageRank sculpting. As a result of this change the usage of nofollow leads to evaporation of pagerank. In order to avoid the above, SEO engineers developed alternative techniques that replace nofollowed tags with obfuscated Javascript and thus permit PageRank sculpting. Additionally several solutions have been suggested that include the usage of iframes, Flash and Javascript.

In December 2009, Google announced it would be using the web search history of all its users in order to populate search results.

Google Instant, real-time-search, was introduced in late 2010 in an attempt to make search results more timely and relevant. Historically site administrators have spent months or even years optimizing a website to increase search rankings. With the growth in popularity of social media sites and blogs the leading engines made changes to their algorithms to allow fresh content to rank quickly within the search results.

In February 2011, Google announced the "Panda update, which penalizes websites containing content duplicated from other websites and sources. Historically websites have copied content from one another and benefited in search engine rankings by engaging in this practice, however Google implemented a new system which punishes sites whose content is not unique.

In April 2012, Google launched the Google Penguin update the goal of which was to penalise websites that used manipulative techniques to improve their rankings on the search engine.

US arrests Bin Laden ‘spokesman’

A man described as a spokesman for Osama Bin Laden has been arrested and will be tried in New York City, the US has confirmed.
Sulaiman Abu Ghaith was captured within the last week in Jordan, Congressman Peter King said on Thursday.

al-Qaeda spokesman Sulaiman Abu Ghaith speaks in an undated video message carried on Qatar’s al-Jazeera television October 9, 2001 saying that the militant group believed in “terrorism against oppressors”. Photo: Reuters



Abu Ghaith is Bin Laden’s son-in-law and played a role in plotting the attacks of 9/11, US officials said.
Bin Laden was killed in a May 2011 raid on his hideout in Pakistan by a team of US commandos.
Abu Ghaith is scheduled to appear in a federal court on Friday on charges of conspiracy to kill United States nationals.
“Sulaiman Abu Ghaith held a key position in al-Qaeda, comparable to the consigliere in a mob family or propaganda minister in a totalitarian regime,” said FBI Assistant Director-in-Charge George Venizelos in a statement.
“He used his position to threaten the United States and incite its enemies.”
‘One by one’
A teacher and mosque preacher in Kuwait, Abu Ghaith was stripped of his Kuwaiti citizenship after 9/11.
Justice department officials say Abu Ghaith served alongside Bin Laden from May 2001 to 2002, speaking on behalf of al-Qaeda and warning that attacks similar to 9/11 would continue.
Specifically, on 12 September 2001, he appeared with Bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri to warn the US that a “great army is gathering against you” and called upon “the nation of Islam” to do battle against “the Jews, the Christians and the Americans,” according to court records.
He was reportedly smuggled to Iran sometime in 2002.
A Jordanian security official told the Associated Press that Abu Ghaith was handed over last week to US officials under both countries’ extradition treaties.
King called the arrest a “very significant victory” in the fight against al-Qaeda.
“One by one, we are getting the top echelons of al-Qaeda,” the Republican congressman said. “I give the administration credit for this. It’s steady and it’s unrelenting and it’s very successful.”
Abu Ghaith’s trial will mark one of the first prosecutions of senior al-Qaeda leaders on US soil.
Since 9/11, 67 foreign terror suspects have been convicted in US federal courts, according to data obtained by the group Human Rights First.
Some US lawmakers disagreed with the decision to try Abu Ghaith in New York.
“When we find somebody like this, this close to Bin Laden and the senior al-Qaeda leadership, the last thing in the world we want to do, in my opinion, is put them in a civilian court,” said Republican Senator Lindsey Graham on Thursday.
“This man should be in Guantanamo Bay,” he said.
A senior administration official told the BBC that Obama’s national security team “unanimously agreed” that prosecution of Abu Ghaith in federal court was in the US’ national security interests.

Academy Award for Best Director - Best Director

The Academy Award for Best Directing (Best Director), usually known as the Best Director Oscar, is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to directors working in the motion picture industry. While nominations for Best Director are made by members in the Academy's Directing branch, the award winners are selected by the Academy membership as a whole.
History

Throughout the past 85 years, AMPAS has presented a total of 86 Best Director awards to 65 different directors. At the 1st Academy Awards (1927/1928), there were two directing awards—one for "Dramatic Direction" and one for "Comedy Direction". The Comedy Direction award was eliminated the next year and, indeed, the awards have overwhelmingly favored dramatic films ever since. At both the 34th Academy Awards (1961) and the 80th Academy Awards (2007), Best Director was presented to a co-directing team, rather than to an individual director.

The earliest years of the award were marked by inconsistency and confusion. In the Academy Awards' first year, actors and others such as cinematographers were nominated for all of their films produced during the qualifying period. However, since the directing award was for "directing" rather than "best director", it honored the director in association with only a single film—thus Janet Gaynor has two Frank Borzage films listed after her Best Actress nomination, but only one of them earned Borzage a directing nomination. The second year, the directing award followed the others in listing all of a director's work during the qualifying period, resulting in Frank Lloyd being nominated for three of his films—but, even more confusingly, only one of them was listed on the final award as the film for which he won. Finally, for the 1931 awards, this confusing system was replaced by the current system in which a director is nominated for a single film.

The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 85 films that have been awarded Best Picture, 62 have also been awarded Best Director.[1] Only four films have won Best Picture without their directors being nominated: Wings (1927/28), Grand Hotel (1931/32), Driving Miss Daisy (1989), and Argo (2012). The only two Best Director winners to win for films which did not receive a Best Picture nomination are notably during the early years; Lewis Milestone for Two Arabian Knights (1927/28) and Frank Lloyd for The Divine Lady (1928/29).

Only four women have ever been nominated for Best Director: Lina Wertmüller for Seven Beauties (1976), Jane Campion for The Piano (1993), Sofia Coppola for Lost in Translation (2003), and Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2009). Bigelow was the first, and to date the only, female director to win the Academy Award for Best Director.
Rules

Due to strict rules declared by the Directors Guild of America (DGA), only one individual may claim screen credit as a film's director. (This rule is designed to prevent rights and ownership issues and to eliminate lobbying for director credit by producers and actors.) However, the DGA may create an exception to this "one director per film" rule if two co-directors seeking to share director credit for a film qualify as an "established duo". In the history of the Academy Awards, established duos have been nominated for Best Director only four times: Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins (who won for West Side Story in 1961); Warren Beatty and Buck Henry (who were nominated for Heaven Can Wait in 1978), and Ethan & Joel Coen (who won for No Country for Old Men in 2007 and were nominated again in 2010 for True Grit).
Multiple nominations

The following 91 directors have received multiple Best Director nominations. The list is sorted by the number of total awards (with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses).

    4  : John Ford (5)
    3  : William Wyler (12)
    3  : Frank Capra (6)
    2  : Billy Wilder (8)
    2  : David Lean (7)
    2  : Fred Zinnemann (7)
    2  : Steven Spielberg (7)
    2  : Elia Kazan (5)
    2  : George Stevens (5)
    2  : Clint Eastwood (4)
    2  : Frank Lloyd (4)
    2  : Joseph L. Mankiewicz (4)
    2  : Miloš Forman (3)
    2  : Ang Lee (3)
    2  : Leo McCarey (3)
    2  : Lewis Milestone (3)
    2  : Oliver Stone (3)
    2  : Robert Wise (3)
    2  : Frank Borzage (2)
    1  : Woody Allen (7)
    1  : Martin Scorsese (7)
    1  : George Cukor (5)
    1  : Michael Curtiz (5)
    1  : John Huston (5)
    1  : Francis Ford Coppola (4)
    1  : Mike Nichols (4)
    1  : Joel Coen (3)
    1  : Bob Fosse (3)
    1  : Roman Polanski (3)
    1  : Sydney Pollack (3)
    1  : Carol Reed (3)

   

    1  : John Schlesinger (3)
    1  : Warren Beatty (2)
    1  : Robert Benton (2)
    1  : Bernardo Bertolucci (2)
    1  : James Cameron (2)
    1  : Ethan Coen (2)
    1  : William Friedkin (2)
    1  : Ron Howard (2)
    1  : Peter Jackson (2)
    1  : Barry Levinson (2)
    1  : Vincente Minnelli (2)
    1  : Robert Redford (2)
    1  : George Roy Hill (2)
    1  : Steven Soderbergh (2)
    1  : Norman Taurog (2)
    0  : Robert Altman (5)
    0  : Clarence Brown (5)
    0  : Alfred Hitchcock (5)
    0  : King Vidor (5)
    0  : Federico Fellini (4)
    0  : Stanley Kubrick (4)
    0  : Sidney Lumet (4)
    0  : Peter Weir (4)
    0  : Ingmar Bergman (3)
    0  : Richard Brooks (3)
    0  : Stephen Daldry (3)
    0  : James Ivory (3)
    0  : Norman Jewison (3)
    0  : Stanley Kramer (3)

   

    0  : Ernst Lubitsch (3)
    0  : David Lynch (3)
    0  : Arthur Penn (3)
    0  : Ridley Scott (3)
    0  : William A. Wellman (3)
    0  : Sam Wood (3)
    0  : John Boorman (2)
    0  : David Fincher (2)
    0  : Stephen Frears (2)
    0  : Lasse Hallström (2)
    0  : Roland Joffé (2)
    0  : Henry King (2)
    0  : Gregory La Cava (2)
    0  : Mike Leigh (2)
    0  : Robert Z. Leonard (2)
    0  : Joshua Logan (2)
    0  : George Lucas (2)
    0  : Terrence Malick (2)
    0  : Alan Parker (2)
    0  : Alexander Payne (2)
    0  : Otto Preminger (2)
    0  : Jason Reitman (2)
    0  : Mark Robson (2)
    0  : Robert Rossen (2)
    0  : David O. Russell (2)
    0  : Jim Sheridan (2)
    0  : Josef von Sternberg (2)
    0  : Quentin Tarantino (2)
    0  : W. S. Van Dyke (2)
    0  : Gus Van Sant (2)
    0  : Peter Yates (2)

Winners and nominees

Each Academy Award ceremony is listed chronologically below along with the winner of the Academy Award for Directing and the film associated with the award. In the column next to the winner of each award are the other nominees for best director. Following the Academy's practice, the films below are listed by the years of their Los Angeles qualifying run, which is usually (but not always) in the year of release; for example, the Oscar for Best Director of 1999 was announced during the award ceremony held in 2000.

For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. For example, the 2nd Academy Awards presented on April 3, 1930, recognized films that were released between August 1, 1928 and July 31, 1929. Starting with the 7th Academy Awards, held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.
1920s

In the first year only, the award was separated into Dramatic Direction and Comedy Direction.
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
1927/28 (Dramatic)     Frank Borzage
 – Seventh Heaven     Herbert Brenon – Sorrell and Son
King Vidor – The Crowd
1927/28 (Comedy)     Lewis Milestone
 – Two Arabian Knights     Ted Wilde – Speedy
1928/29     Frank Lloyd
 – The Divine Lady     Lionel Barrymore – Madame X
Harry Beaumont – The Broadway Melody
Irving Cummings – In Old Arizona
Frank Lloyd - Drag and Weary River
Ernst Lubitsch – The Patriot
1929/30     Lewis Milestone
 – All Quiet on the Western Front     Clarence Brown – Anna Christie and Romance
Robert Z. Leonard – The Divorcée
Ernst Lubitsch – The Love Parade
King Vidor – Hallelujah
1930s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
1930/31     Norman Taurog
 – Skippy     Clarence Brown – A Free Soul
Lewis Milestone – The Front Page
Wesley Ruggles – Cimarron
Josef von Sternberg – Morocco
1931/32     Frank Borzage
 – Bad Girl     King Vidor – The Champ
Josef von Sternberg – Shanghai Express
1932/33     Frank Lloyd
 – Cavalcade     Frank Capra – Lady for a Day
George Cukor – Little Women

(The Academy also announced that Capra came in second, and Cukor last.)
1934     Frank Capra
 – It Happened One Night     Victor Schertzinger – One Night of Love
W. S. Van Dyke – The Thin Man

(The Academy also announced that Van Dyke came in second, and Schertzinger last.)
1935     John Ford
 – The Informer     Henry Hathaway – The Lives of a Bengal Lancer
Frank Lloyd – Mutiny on the Bounty

(The Academy also announced that write-in candidate Michael Curtiz, for Captain Blood, came in second, and Hathaway third.)
1936     Frank Capra
 – Mr. Deeds Goes to Town     Gregory La Cava – My Man Godfrey
Robert Z. Leonard – The Great Ziegfeld
W. S. Van Dyke – San Francisco
William Wyler – Dodsworth
1937     Leo McCarey
 – The Awful Truth     William Dieterle – The Life of Emile Zola
Sidney Franklin – The Good Earth
Gregory La Cava – Stage Door
William A. Wellman – A Star Is Born
1938     Frank Capra
 – You Can't Take It with You     Michael Curtiz – Angels with Dirty Faces
Michael Curtiz – Four Daughters
Norman Taurog – Boys Town
King Vidor – The Citadel
1939     Victor Fleming
 – Gone with the Wind     Frank Capra – Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
John Ford – Stagecoach
Sam Wood – Goodbye, Mr. Chips
William Wyler – Wuthering Heights
1940s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
1940     John Ford
 – The Grapes of Wrath     George Cukor – The Philadelphia Story
Alfred Hitchcock – Rebecca
Sam Wood – Kitty Foyle
William Wyler – The Letter
1941     John Ford
 – How Green Was My Valley     Alexander Hall – Here Comes Mr. Jordan
Howard Hawks – Sergeant York
Orson Welles – Citizen Kane
William Wyler – The Little Foxes
1942     William Wyler
 – Mrs. Miniver     Michael Curtiz – Yankee Doodle Dandy
John Farrow – Wake Island
Mervyn LeRoy – Random Harvest
Sam Wood – Kings Row
1943     Michael Curtiz
 – Casablanca     Clarence Brown – The Human Comedy
Henry King – The Song of Bernadette
Ernst Lubitsch – Heaven Can Wait
George Stevens – The More the Merrier
1944     Leo McCarey
 – Going My Way     Alfred Hitchcock – Lifeboat
Henry King – Wilson
Otto Preminger – Laura
Billy Wilder – Double Indemnity
1945     Billy Wilder
 – The Lost Weekend     Clarence Brown – National Velvet
Alfred Hitchcock – Spellbound
Leo McCarey – The Bells of St. Mary's
Jean Renoir – The Southerner
1946     William Wyler
 – The Best Years of Our Lives     Clarence Brown – The Yearling
Frank Capra – It's a Wonderful Life
David Lean – Brief Encounter
Robert Siodmak – The Killers
1947     Elia Kazan
 – Gentleman's Agreement     George Cukor – A Double Life
Edward Dmytryk – Crossfire
Henry Koster – The Bishop's Wife
David Lean – Great Expectations
1948     John Huston
 – The Treasure of the Sierra Madre     Anatole Litvak – The Snake Pit
Jean Negulesco – Johnny Belinda
Laurence Olivier – Hamlet
Fred Zinnemann – The Search
1949     Joseph L. Mankiewicz
 – A Letter to Three Wives     Carol Reed – The Fallen Idol
Robert Rossen – All the King's Men
William A. Wellman – Battleground
William Wyler – The Heiress
1950s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
1950     Joseph L. Mankiewicz
 – All About Eve     George Cukor – Born Yesterday
John Huston – The Asphalt Jungle
Carol Reed – The Third Man
Billy Wilder – Sunset Boulevard
1951     George Stevens
 – A Place in the Sun     John Huston – The African Queen
Elia Kazan – A Streetcar Named Desire
Vincente Minnelli – An American in Paris
William Wyler – Detective Story
1952     John Ford
 – The Quiet Man     Cecil B. DeMille – The Greatest Show on Earth
John Huston – Moulin Rouge
Joseph L. Mankiewicz – 5 Fingers
Fred Zinnemann – High Noon
1953     Fred Zinnemann
 – From Here to Eternity     George Stevens – Shane
Charles Walters – Lili
Billy Wilder – Stalag 17
William Wyler – Roman Holiday
1954     Elia Kazan
 – On the Waterfront     Alfred Hitchcock – Rear Window
George Seaton – The Country Girl
William A. Wellman – The High and the Mighty
Billy Wilder – Sabrina
1955     Delbert Mann
 – Marty     Elia Kazan – East of Eden
David Lean – Summertime
Joshua Logan – Picnic
John Sturges – Bad Day at Black Rock
1956     George Stevens
 – Giant     Michael Anderson – Around the World in 80 Days
Walter Lang – The King and I
King Vidor – War and Peace
William Wyler – Friendly Persuasion
1957     David Lean
 – The Bridge on the River Kwai     Joshua Logan – Sayonara
Sidney Lumet – 12 Angry Men
Mark Robson – Peyton Place
Billy Wilder – Witness for the Prosecution
1958     Vincente Minnelli
 – Gigi     Richard Brooks – Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Stanley Kramer – The Defiant Ones
Mark Robson – The Inn of the Sixth Happiness
Robert Wise – I Want to Live!
1959     William Wyler
 – Ben-Hur     Jack Clayton – Room at the Top
George Stevens – The Diary of Anne Frank
Billy Wilder – Some Like It Hot
Fred Zinnemann – The Nun's Story
1960s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
1960     Billy Wilder
 – The Apartment     Jack Cardiff – Sons and Lovers
Jules Dassin – Never on Sunday
Alfred Hitchcock – Psycho
Fred Zinnemann – The Sundowners
1961     Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins
 – West Side Story     Federico Fellini – La Dolce Vita
Stanley Kramer – Judgment at Nuremberg
Robert Rossen – The Hustler
J. Lee Thompson – The Guns of Navarone
1962     David Lean
 – Lawrence of Arabia     Pietro Germi – Divorce, Italian Style
Robert Mulligan – To Kill a Mockingbird
Arthur Penn – The Miracle Worker
Frank Perry – David and Lisa
1963     Tony Richardson
 – Tom Jones     Federico Fellini – 8½
Elia Kazan – America, America
Otto Preminger – The Cardinal
Martin Ritt – Hud
1964     George Cukor
 – My Fair Lady     Michael Cacoyannis – Zorba the Greek
Peter Glenville – Becket
Stanley Kubrick – Dr. Strangelove
Robert Stevenson – Mary Poppins
1965     Robert Wise
 – The Sound of Music     David Lean – Doctor Zhivago
John Schlesinger – Darling
Hiroshi Teshigahara – The Woman in the Dunes
William Wyler – The Collector
1966     Fred Zinnemann
 – A Man for All Seasons     Michelangelo Antonioni – Blowup
Richard Brooks – The Professionals
Claude Lelouch – A Man and a Woman
Mike Nichols – Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
1967     Mike Nichols
 – The Graduate     Richard Brooks – In Cold Blood
Norman Jewison – In the Heat of the Night
Stanley Kramer – Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
Arthur Penn – Bonnie and Clyde
1968     Carol Reed
 – Oliver!     Anthony Harvey – The Lion in Winter
Stanley Kubrick – 2001: A Space Odyssey
Gillo Pontecorvo – The Battle of Algiers
Franco Zeffirelli – Romeo and Juliet
1969     John Schlesinger
 – Midnight Cowboy     Costa Gavras – Z
George Roy Hill – Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Arthur Penn – Alice's Restaurant
Sydney Pollack – They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
1970s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
1970     Franklin J. Schaffner
 – Patton     Robert Altman – MASH
Federico Fellini – Satyricon
Arthur Hiller – Love Story
Ken Russell – Women in Love
1971     William Friedkin
 – The French Connection     Peter Bogdanovich – The Last Picture Show
Norman Jewison – Fiddler on the Roof
Stanley Kubrick – A Clockwork Orange
John Schlesinger – Sunday Bloody Sunday
1972     Bob Fosse
 – Cabaret     John Boorman – Deliverance
Francis Ford Coppola – The Godfather
Joseph L. Mankiewicz – Sleuth
Jan Troell – The Emigrants
1973     George Roy Hill
 – The Sting     Ingmar Bergman – Cries and Whispers
Bernardo Bertolucci - Last Tango in Paris
William Friedkin - The Exorcist
George Lucas – American Graffiti
1974     Francis Ford Coppola
 – The Godfather Part II     John Cassavetes – A Woman Under the Influence
Bob Fosse – Lenny
Roman Polanski – Chinatown
François Truffaut – Day for Night
1975     Miloš Forman
 – One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest     Robert Altman – Nashville
Federico Fellini – Amarcord
Stanley Kubrick – Barry Lyndon
Sidney Lumet – Dog Day Afternoon
1976     John G. Avildsen
 – Rocky     Ingmar Bergman – Face to Face
Sidney Lumet – Network
Alan J. Pakula – All the President's Men
Lina Wertmüller – Seven Beauties
1977     Woody Allen
 – Annie Hall     George Lucas – Star Wars
Herbert Ross – The Turning Point
Steven Spielberg – Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Fred Zinnemann – Julia
1978     Michael Cimino
 – The Deer Hunter     Woody Allen – Interiors
Hal Ashby – Coming Home
Warren Beatty & Buck Henry – Heaven Can Wait
Alan Parker – Midnight Express
1979     Robert Benton
 – Kramer vs. Kramer     Francis Ford Coppola – Apocalypse Now
Bob Fosse – All That Jazz
Édouard Molinaro – La Cage aux Folles
Peter Yates – Breaking Away
1980s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
1980     Robert Redford
 – Ordinary People     David Lynch – The Elephant Man
Roman Polanski – Tess
Richard Rush – The Stunt Man
Martin Scorsese – Raging Bull
1981     Warren Beatty
 – Reds     Hugh Hudson – Chariots of Fire
Louis Malle – Atlantic City
Mark Rydell – On Golden Pond
Steven Spielberg – Raiders of the Lost Ark
1982     Richard Attenborough
 – Gandhi     Sidney Lumet – The Verdict
Wolfgang Petersen – Das Boot
Sydney Pollack – Tootsie
Steven Spielberg – E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
1983     James L. Brooks
 – Terms of Endearment     Bruce Beresford – Tender Mercies
Ingmar Bergman – Fanny and Alexander
Mike Nichols – Silkwood
Peter Yates – The Dresser
1984     Miloš Forman
 – Amadeus     Woody Allen – Broadway Danny Rose
Robert Benton – Places in the Heart
Roland Joffé – The Killing Fields
David Lean – A Passage to India
1985     Sydney Pollack
 – Out of Africa     Héctor Babenco – Kiss of the Spider Woman
John Huston – Prizzi's Honor
Akira Kurosawa – Ran
Peter Weir – Witness
1986     Oliver Stone
 – Platoon     Woody Allen – Hannah and Her Sisters
James Ivory – A Room with a View
Roland Joffé – The Mission
David Lynch – Blue Velvet
1987     Bernardo Bertolucci
 – The Last Emperor     John Boorman – Hope and Glory
Lasse Hallström – My Life as a Dog
Norman Jewison – Moonstruck
Adrian Lyne – Fatal Attraction
1988     Barry Levinson
 – Rain Man     Charles Crichton – A Fish Called Wanda
Mike Nichols – Working Girl
Alan Parker – Mississippi Burning
Martin Scorsese – The Last Temptation of Christ
1989     Oliver Stone
 – Born on the Fourth of July     Woody Allen – Crimes and Misdemeanors
Kenneth Branagh – Henry V
Jim Sheridan – My Left Foot
Peter Weir – Dead Poets Society
1990s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
1990     Kevin Costner
 – Dances with Wolves     Francis Ford Coppola – The Godfather Part III
Stephen Frears – The Grifters
Barbet Schroeder – Reversal of Fortune
Martin Scorsese – Goodfellas
1991     Jonathan Demme
 – The Silence of the Lambs     Barry Levinson – Bugsy
Ridley Scott – Thelma & Louise
John Singleton – Boyz n the Hood
Oliver Stone – JFK
1992     Clint Eastwood
 – Unforgiven     Robert Altman – The Player
Martin Brest – Scent of a Woman
James Ivory – Howards End
Neil Jordan – The Crying Game
1993     Steven Spielberg
 – Schindler's List     Robert Altman – Short Cuts
Jane Campion – The Piano
James Ivory – The Remains of the Day
Jim Sheridan – In the Name of the Father
1994     Robert Zemeckis
 – Forrest Gump     Woody Allen – Bullets Over Broadway
Krzysztof Kieślowski – Three Colors: Red
Robert Redford – Quiz Show
Quentin Tarantino – Pulp Fiction
1995     Mel Gibson
 – Braveheart     Mike Figgis – Leaving Las Vegas
Chris Noonan – Babe
Michael Radford – Il Postino
Tim Robbins – Dead Man Walking
1996     Anthony Minghella
 – The English Patient     Joel Coen – Fargo
Miloš Forman – The People vs. Larry Flynt
Scott Hicks – Shine
Mike Leigh – Secrets & Lies
1997     James Cameron
 – Titanic     Peter Cattaneo – The Full Monty
Atom Egoyan – The Sweet Hereafter
Curtis Hanson – L.A. Confidential
Gus Van Sant – Good Will Hunting
1998     Steven Spielberg
 – Saving Private Ryan     Roberto Benigni – Life Is Beautiful
John Madden – Shakespeare in Love
Terrence Malick – The Thin Red Line
Peter Weir – The Truman Show
1999     Sam Mendes
 – American Beauty     Lasse Hallström – The Cider House Rules
Spike Jonze – Being John Malkovich
Michael Mann – The Insider
M. Night Shyamalan – The Sixth Sense
2000s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
2000     Steven Soderbergh
 – Traffic     Stephen Daldry – Billy Elliot
Ang Lee – Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Ridley Scott – Gladiator
Steven Soderbergh – Erin Brockovich
2001     Ron Howard
 – A Beautiful Mind     Robert Altman – Gosford Park
Peter Jackson – The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
David Lynch – Mulholland Drive
Ridley Scott – Black Hawk Down
2002     Roman Polanski
 – The Pianist     Pedro Almodóvar – Talk to Her
Stephen Daldry – The Hours
Rob Marshall – Chicago
Martin Scorsese – Gangs of New York
2003     Peter Jackson
 – The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King     Sofia Coppola – Lost in Translation
Clint Eastwood – Mystic River
Fernando Meirelles – City of God
Peter Weir – Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
2004     Clint Eastwood
 – Million Dollar Baby     Taylor Hackford – Ray
Mike Leigh – Vera Drake
Alexander Payne – Sideways
Martin Scorsese – The Aviator
2005     Ang Lee
 – Brokeback Mountain     George Clooney – Good Night, and Good Luck.
Paul Haggis – Crash
Bennett Miller – Capote
Steven Spielberg – Munich
2006     Martin Scorsese
 – The Departed     Clint Eastwood – Letters from Iwo Jima
Stephen Frears – The Queen
Alejandro González Iñárritu – Babel
Paul Greengrass – United 93
2007     Ethan & Joel Coen
 – No Country for Old Men     Paul Thomas Anderson – There Will Be Blood
Tony Gilroy – Michael Clayton
Jason Reitman – Juno
Julian Schnabel – The Diving Bell and the Butterfly
2008     Danny Boyle
 – Slumdog Millionaire     Stephen Daldry – The Reader
David Fincher – The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Ron Howard – Frost/Nixon
Gus Van Sant – Milk
2009     Kathryn Bigelow
 – The Hurt Locker     James Cameron – Avatar
Lee Daniels – Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire
Jason Reitman – Up in the Air
Quentin Tarantino – Inglourious Basterds
2010s
Year     Winner
film     Nominated
2010     Tom Hooper
 – The King's Speech     Darren Aronofsky – Black Swan
Ethan & Joel Coen – True Grit
David Fincher – The Social Network
David O. Russell – The Fighter
2011     Michel Hazanavicius
 – The Artist     Woody Allen – Midnight in Paris
Terrence Malick – The Tree of Life
Alexander Payne – The Descendants
Martin Scorsese – Hugo
2012     Ang Lee
 – Life of Pi     Michael Haneke – Amour
David O. Russell – Silver Linings Playbook
Steven Spielberg – Lincoln
Benh Zeitlin – Beasts of the Southern Wild
International presence

As the Academy Awards are based in the United States and are centered on the Hollywood film industry, the majority of Academy Award winners have been Americans. Nonetheless, there is significant international presence at the awards, as evidenced by the following list of winners of the Academy Award for Best Director.

    Australia: Mel Gibson, Tom Hooper (Gibson, a U.S. citizen, moved with his family to Australia at the age of 12. Hooper, born in the U.K., is a dual citizen of Australia and the United Kingdom as his mother was born in Australia.)
    Austria: Billy Wilder, Fred Zinnemann (Both Wilder and Zinnemann moved to America in their twenties and became naturalized U.S. citizens.)
    Canada: James Cameron (Cameron was applying to become a U.S. citizen.[1])
    Czech Republic: Miloš Forman (naturalized U.S. citizen since 1977)
    France: Michel Hazanavicius
    Germany: William Wyler, Mike Nichols (after moving to America in 1921, Wyler became a naturalized U.S. citizen in his twenties. Wyler was born in Alsace which was part of the German Empire then, but now is part of France. Nichols' family moved from Germany when he was eight-years old to the United States, and he became a naturalized U.S. citizen five years later in 1944.)
    Italy: Bernardo Bertolucci
    New Zealand: Peter Jackson
    Poland: Roman Polanski (also French citizenship)
    Taiwan: Ang Lee (naturalized U.S. citizen who has lived in America since 1979.)
    United Kingdom: Richard Attenborough, Danny Boyle, David Lean, Sam Mendes, Anthony Minghella, Carol Reed, Tony Richardson, John Schlesinger, and Tom Hooper

However, no director has won for a film that is entirely in a foreign language.

There have been 21 directors nominated for films entirely or significantly in a foreign (non-English) language.

    Federico Fellini (nominated for 4 films, which were all in Italian)
    Ingmar Bergman (nominated for 3 films, which were all in Swedish)
    Pietro Germi (Italian)
    Hiroshi Teshigahara (Japanese)
    Claude Lelouch (French)
    Gillo Pontecorvo (Italian-born director nominated for The Battle of Algiers, which was in French and Arabic)
    Costa Gavras (Greek-born director nominated for French-language film Z.)
    Jan Troell (Swedish)
    François Truffaut (French)
    Lina Wertmuller (Italian)
    Edouard Molinaro (French)
    Wolfgang Petersen (German)
    Akira Kurosawa (Japanese)
    Lasse Hallström (Swedish. He was also nominated for the English-language film The Cider House Rules.)
    Krzysztof Kieslowski (Polish-born director nominated for French-language film Three Colours: Red)
    Michael Radford (an English-born director nominated for the Italian-language film Il Postino.)
    Roberto Benigni (Italian)
    Ang Lee (Taiwanese-born director nominated for the Mandarin-language film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. He would later win for the English-language films Brokeback Mountain and Life of Pi.)
    Pedro Almodóvar (Spanish)
    Fernando Meirelles (Brazilian Portuguese)
    Clint Eastwood (an American director nominated for the Japanese-language film Letters from Iwo Jima, which has a few brief scenes in English).
    Julian Schnabel (an American director nominated for the French-language film The Diving Bell and the Butterfly.)
    Michael Haneke (French)

Nominations for films primarily in English with some scenes (of a notable length) in another language include:

    Jules Dassin for Never on Sunday (Greek)
    Bernardo Bertolucci for Last Tango in Paris (French)
    Francis Coppola for The Godfather Part II (Italian) (Winner)
    Kevin Costner for Dances with Wolves (Lakota and Pawnee) (Winner)
    Steven Soderbergh for Traffic (Spanish) (Winner)
    Peter Jackson for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (fictional Elven) (winner)
    Alejandro González Iñárritu for Babel (Spanish, Arabic, French, Japanese, Japanese Sign Language, Berber)
    Danny Boyle for Slumdog Millionaire (Hindi) (Winner)
    Quentin Tarantino for Inglourious Basterds (French, German and Italian)
    James Cameron for Avatar (fictional Na'vi language)

Several international nominees (regardless of the language used in their respective films) include:

    Australia: Bruce Beresford, Scott Hicks, Chris Noonan and Peter Weir
    Austria: Otto Preminger, Josef von Sternberg and Michael Haneke
    Brazil: Héctor Babenco, Fernando Meirelles
    Canada: Atom Egoyan, Arthur Hiller, Norman Jewison and Jason Reitman
    Cyprus: Michael Cacoyannis
    France: Michel Hazanavicius, Claude Lelouch, Louis Malle and François Truffaut
    Germany: William Dieterle, Ernst Lubitsch, Wolfgang Petersen
    Greece: Costa Gavras
    Ireland: Jim Sheridan, Neil Jordan and Kenneth Branagh
    Italy: Roberto Benigni, Federico Fellini, Pietro Germi, Gillo Pontecorvo, Lina Wertmüller, Franco Zeffirelli and Michelangelo Antonioni
    Japan: Akira Kurosawa and Hiroshi Teshigahara
    Mexico: Alejandro González Iñárritu
    New Zealand: Jane Campion
    Poland: Krzysztof Kieślowski
    Spain: Pedro Almodóvar
    Sweden: Ingmar Bergman, Lasse Hallström and Jan Troell
    United Kingdom: Alfred Hitchcock, John Boorman, Peter Cattaneo, Charles Crichton, Stephen Daldry, Stephen Frears, Laurence Olivier, Paul Greengrass, Roland Joffé, Mike Leigh, Adrian Lyne, Hugh Hudson, Alan Parker and Ridley Scott